# Moving California Real Estate Into an LLC: The Prop 13 Reassessment Trap

> Deeding California property into an LLC, or giving LLC units to your kids, can trigger Prop 13 reassessment under R&TC § 64(c) and (d). BOE-100-B, Prop 19, DTT.

Source: https://ridleylawoffices.com/llc-transfer-prop-13-reassessment/

By Eric Ridley, attorney, Ridley Law. Updated October 2026.

Part of our [strategies that backfire series](https://ridleylawoffices.com/estate-planning-strategies-that-backfire/).

**Estate size this page covers:** every band. Prop 13 is a per-property problem, so a family under the $15 million federal exemption with one appreciated rental faces it as squarely as a $200 million real estate family. The stakes rise with the gap between what you paid and what the property is worth. For the larger picture see [high net worth estate planning in California](https://ridleylawoffices.com/high-net-worth-estate-planning-california/).

**Short answer –**Deeding California real estate into an LLC you own in the same proportions isn’t a change in ownership ([R&TC § 62(a)(2)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=62)). It makes you an “original co-owner.” From then on, once more than 50% of the original co-owners’ interests have been transferred, in one step or many, the property is reassessed ([R&TC § 64(d)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=64)). Separately, anyone who ends up with more than 50% of the LLC triggers reassessment of everything it owns ([§ 64(c)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=64)). Gifts of units to children count, and so do transfers at death. Prop 19’s parent-child exclusion doesn’t cover LLC interests ([R&TC § 63.2(e)(8)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=63.2)). Each triggering transfer must be reported to the Board of Equalization on Form BOE-100-B within 90 days, or a 10% penalty applies ([R&TC § 482(b)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=482)).

**Over 50%**

Cumulative transfer of original co-owners’ interests that reassesses contributed property, R&TC § 64(d)

**90 days**

Deadline to file Form BOE-100-B after a change in control or ownership, R&TC §§ 480.1, 480.2

**10%**

Penalty for not filing, measured by the taxes on the new base year value, R&TC § 482(b)

**$69,153**

Extra property tax per year in the hypothetical below ($1M in 1995, $8M today, 1.1% rate)

## What a triggered reassessment costs a family with an old building

The pitch is that you deed the rentals into an LLC for liability protection, then give the children LLC units each year. No deed is recorded after the first one, so, the pitch goes, the county never reassesses. Some versions add that the children inherit the rest at death with the parents’ Prop 13 base intact.

The first deed usually is excluded. The LLC’s paperwork keeps a running count the family rarely tracks, and the count doesn’t reset for gifts, for family, or for death. When it crosses 50%, the property is reassessed to market as of that date, and the LLC owes a filing it probably didn’t know about.

Take the Ortegas, a hypothetical family. They bought an apartment building in mid-1995 for $1,000,000 and later deeded it to an LLC owned by their trust, in the same proportions. In 2026 the building is worth $8,000,000. They give each of their three children 20% of the LLC. No child has control, so § 64(c) isn’t triggered, but 60% of the original co-owners’ interests have now moved, so § 64(d) reassesses the building to $8,000,000, which adds $69,153 a year to their property tax.

| Item | Amount |
| --- | --- |
| Purchase price, mid-1995 | $1,000,000 |
| Factored base value for 2026-27, using the BOE’s annual inflation factors | $1,713,329 |
| For comparison: the same base at the 2% maximum every year | $1,847,589 |
| Market value in 2026 (hypothetical) | $8,000,000 |
| Annual tax at an assumed 1.1% rate, base kept | $18,847 |
| Annual tax at 1.1% after reassessment | $88,000 |
| Extra tax in the first year | $69,153 |
| Extra tax over ten years, both values rising 2% a year | $757,206 |
| Penalty for a late BOE-100-B: 10% of the taxes on the new base (R&TC § 482(b)) | $8,800 |

Assumptions: the factored base uses the BOE’s published inflation factors for 1996-97 through 2026-27 ([Letter To Assessors No. 2026/002](https://boe.ca.gov/proptaxes/pdf/lta26002.pdf)). Prop 13 caps the annual increase at 2% (Cal. Const. art. XIII A, § 2(b), as cited by the BOE). The tax rate is 1% plus voter-approved debt rates that vary by area ([BOE Publication 29](https://www.boe.ca.gov/proptaxes/pdf/pub29.pdf)). This example assumes 1.1% in total. Your tax bill shows your actual rate.

## How the change-in-ownership rules count transfers of LLC interests

A transfer of LLC units doesn’t involve a recorded deed, and the statute reaches entity transfers through two special rules. A change in ownership is a transfer of a present interest in real property, including the beneficial use, whose value is substantially equal to the value of the fee interest ([R&TC § 60](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=60)). A transfer of real property between an entity and its owners is a change in ownership ([R&TC § 61(j)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=61)) unless an exclusion applies. A transfer of interests in the entity itself generally isn’t a transfer of the entity’s real property, except as [§ 64(c) and (d)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=64) provide ([R&TC § 64(a)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=64)).

### The proportional-interest exclusion creates original co-owners

The first deed into the LLC fixes who the original co-owners are. A transfer between individuals and a legal entity that “results solely in a change in the method of holding title” and in which the proportional ownership interests “in each and every piece of real property transferred, remain the same after the transfer” isn’t a change in ownership ([R&TC § 62(a)(2)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=62)). The people who hold the entity’s interests right after that transfer become the “original coowners” ([§ 64(d)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=64); [Property Tax Rule 462.180(a)(2)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/california/18-CCR-462.180)). If the transfer into the LLC is made by a trust, the BOE treats the trust’s present beneficiaries as the original co-owners ([BOE, Legal Entity Ownership Program](https://www.boe.ca.gov/proptaxes/leopcio.htm)).

Even a 2% shift in the first deed defeats the exclusion. In the BOE’s own example, A and B deed property they own equally to a corporation and each take back 49% of the stock, with 2% to C. That’s a change in ownership (Rule 462.180, Example 2).

### Section 64(d) counts every original co-owner transfer

Every gift of units by the original co-owners counts toward the 50%, in one transaction or several. Whenever shares or other interests representing “cumulatively more than 50 percent” of the total interests are transferred by the original co-owners, in one or more transactions, the property that was excluded under § 62(a)(2) is reappraised ([R&TC § 64(d)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=64)). The BOE’s example is the one families walk into: A and B put property in a corporation 50-50, A gives 30% to A’s child, B gives 25% to B’s grandchild, and the property is reassessed on B’s transfer. The rule says plainly that “parent/child and grandparent/grandchild exclusions are not applicable to transfers of interests in legal entities” ([Rule 462.180](https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/california/18-CCR-462.180), Example 8).

### Section 64(c) looks at who ends up in control

A child who ends up with more than 50% of the LLC triggers reassessment of everything it owns, whatever the source of the property. When any person or entity obtains more than 50% of an LLC’s capital and profits, directly or indirectly, the transfer is a change in ownership of all the real property the LLC owns ([R&TC § 64(c)(1)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=64); Rule 462.180(d)(1)). This rule applies whether or not anyone is an original co-owner. A transfer that triggers both rules is reappraised under § 64(c), which reaches all of the entity’s property, not only what was contributed ([§ 64(d)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=64)).

Splitting a sale into steps to keep each piece under 50% works when each step has real independent business reasons, and fails when the steps are one plan. In [*Ocean Avenue LLC v. County of Los Angeles* (2014) 227 Cal.App.4th 344](https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2680260/ocean-avenue-llc-v-county-of-la/), all of the LLC that owned the Fairmont Miramar Hotel was sold to three buyers. The county argued one investor controlled it. Using the multiply-through test, the court found his interest was about 48%, under 50%, so there was no change in ownership. The court refused to apply federal substance-over-form doctrine to a property tax question governed by the BOE’s rules. In [*Shuwa Investments Corp. v. County of Los Angeles* (1991) 1 Cal.App.4th 1635](https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2275165/shuwa-investments-corp-v-county-of-los-angeles/), a buyer acquired ARCO Plaza in three steps designed to reassess only half: buy one partner’s 50% interest, liquidate the partnership, then buy the other half outright. The court applied the step-transaction doctrine and upheld a 100% reassessment, warning that the other result would let entities “escape reassessment in perpetuity” by transferring partial interests in a series of transactions. The Legislature wrote the doctrine into the statute too: § 64(c)(2) refers to “the appropriate application of the step-transaction doctrine.”

### How the LLC got the property decides which rule applies

An LLC that bought its property from an outsider, with the property reassessed on that purchase, has no original co-owners for it, so only § 64(c) matters. In the BOE’s example, spouses who buy 100% of an LLC from its prior members are each treated as acquiring 50%, and neither control nor § 64(d) is triggered (Rule 462.180, Example 7). An LLC that received the family’s property by deed from the family, in a proportional transfer, has original co-owners, and § 64(d) is waiting for the count to pass 50%.

## Trusts and death keep the count running

Moving units into your revocable trust or to your spouse costs you nothing in the count. Rule 462.180(d)(2) says interspousal transfers, transfers into qualifying trusts excluded under R&TC § 62(d), and proportional transfers “shall not be cumulated or counted” toward the 50% ([Rule 462.180(d)(2)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/california/18-CCR-462.180)). A transfer into a trust is excluded for as long as the transferor is the present beneficiary or the trust is revocable ([R&TC § 62(d)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=62)).

Death changes that, and the count starts again. The BOE says a change in ownership occurs when a revocable trust becomes irrevocable, unless the trustor-transferor remains or becomes the sole present beneficiary or another exclusion applies, such as the interspousal exclusion ([BOE, Exclusions from Reassessment](https://www.boe.ca.gov/proptaxes/leopexclusions.htm), citing [Rule 462.160(b)(2)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/california/18-CCR-462.160)). When the surviving spouse dies and the trust distributes the LLC units to the children, those transfers count.

The California Supreme Court laid out how this works inside a family trust. The Averbooks’ trust deeded their apartment building to an LLC, moved the LLC into a partnership, and divided the partnership among subtrusts for the surviving spouse, Gloria. None of those steps changed ownership, because Gloria stayed the beneficial owner. Then the subtrusts transferred their partnership interests to trusts for her two sons. The court explained that this last step was a change in ownership under § 64(d), a reassessment the family didn’t dispute ([*926 North Ardmore Ave., LLC v. County of Los Angeles* (2017) 3 Cal.5th 319](https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/4404991/926-n-ardmore-ave-llc-v-cnty-of-l-a/)). The case went to the Supreme Court over the documentary transfer tax that came with it.

## Prop 19’s parent-child exclusion doesn’t cover LLC interests

Prop 19 won’t protect the children’s base on LLC interests. For the parent-child exclusion, “real property does not include any interest in a legal entity,” under [R&TC § 63.2(e)(8)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=63.2), and the BOE confirmed it in August 2026.

The BOE applied that rule to a common family pattern in August 2026. Parents deed property to their LLC in an excluded transfer, the last parent dies, and the two children inherit the LLC interests. The BOE’s answer: no exclusion, “even if the property was a family farm,” because the children “inherited interests in the LLC, not real property.” The same answer applies to a single-member LLC, which the BOE treats as a separate legal entity for California property tax even though it may be disregarded for federal income tax ([BOE Letter To Assessors No. 2026/026](https://www.boe.ca.gov/proptaxes/pdf/lta26026.pdf), Questions 33 and 34). For a home, see [putting your house in an LLC](https://ridleylawoffices.com/house-in-llc-california/) and [the Prop 19 parent-child exclusion](https://ridleylawoffices.com/prop-19-parent-child-exclusion-california/).

## What the family has to file with the BOE, and the penalty for missing it

The filing duty sits with the family. Entity transfers don’t involve a recorded deed, so the BOE runs a Legal Entity Ownership Program to find them, because these changes “do not involve a recorded deed or other notice that would inform county assessors” ([BOE, LEOP](https://www.boe.ca.gov/proptaxes/leop.htm)).

- **Change in control.** The person or entity acquiring control files a signed change in ownership statement with the BOE within 90 days ([R&TC § 480.1](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=480.1)).
- **Cumulative transfer by original co-owners.** The LLC itself files within 90 days, and the statement lists the original co-owners ([R&TC § 480.2](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=480.2)).
- **On request.** An entity must also file within 90 days of a written BOE request, whether or not a change occurred (§§ 480.1, 480.2).
- **At death.** The date of death is generally the date of the change. If the final distribution isn’t known yet, the BOE says to file within 90 days of death with what you have, then amend within 90 days after the distribution is confirmed ([BOE, Filing Requirements and Penalty Provisions](https://www.boe.ca.gov/proptaxes/leoppenalty.htm)).
- **No extensions.** The BOE says “the law does not provide for any extensions,” and the form is due even when an exclusion applies.

Skipping the form costs 10% even when no reassessment follows. The penalty is 10% of the taxes on the new base year value, or 10% of the current year’s taxes if no change occurred. It applies “notwithstanding the fact that the board determines that no change in control or change in ownership has occurred” ([R&TC § 482(b)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=482)). On the Ortegas’ reassessment, a late BOE-100-B costs $8,800. Unlike the county change in ownership penalty in § 482(a), subdivision (b) has no dollar cap. Discovery doesn’t depend on the family either: the FTB asks entities on their returns whether more than 50% of their interests have moved and passes “yes” answers to the BOE ([R&TC § 64(e)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=64)).

## Other costs of moving real estate into an entity

### Documentary transfer tax can reach unrecorded entity transfers

A sale of LLC interests can also draw a county transfer tax. Counties may tax each deed or other writing by which realty sold is conveyed, at $0.55 per $500 of value, and cities within those counties at half that ([R&TC § 11911](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=11911)). There’s no tax on a transfer of partnership interests while the partnership continues under IRC § 708 and still holds the realty, or on a transfer that only changes the method of holding title with proportional interests unchanged ([R&TC § 11925(a), (d)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=11925)).

The Supreme Court held in *926 North Ardmore* that the tax may be imposed “whenever a transfer of an interest in a legal entity results in a change in ownership of real property within the meaning of section 64, subdivision (c) or (d), so long as there is a written instrument reflecting a sale of the property for consideration.” The Averbook sons’ trusts had paid for their interests with promissory notes, and the court held the county could collect the tax on the unrecorded transfer documents. Los Angeles County now enforces the tax on unrecorded entity transfers that move more than 50% of the control of an entity ([Los Angeles County Registrar-Recorder](https://lavote.gov/home/records/legal-audits-and-tax-collections)).

In the City of Los Angeles, Measure ULA adds 4% on transactions above $5,400,000 and 5.5% at $10,900,000 or more, for transactions closing after June 30, 2026 ([City of Los Angeles Office of Finance](https://finance.lacity.gov/faq/measure-ula)). The City’s FAQ describes the tax as applying to documents that convey real property and doesn’t address entity transfers. Before any sale of LLC interests in a City property above those thresholds, get the City’s position in writing.

### A deed to an LLC can let the lender call the loan

Federal law bars a lender from calling a residential loan on fewer than five units for a transfer into an inter vivos trust in which the borrower is and remains a beneficiary ([12 U.S.C. § 1701j-3(d)(8)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/1701j-3)). A deed to an LLC isn’t on that list, and commercial loans and buildings of five or more units aren’t covered at all. The loan documents control, so read the deed of trust and get the lender’s consent in writing before the deed. The [rental LLC guide](https://ridleylawoffices.com/guides/rental-llc/) walks through the refinance problems that follow.

## Where federal tax advice about the LLC leads families wrong

### A single-member LLC may be ignored for income tax but not for property tax

The IRS may ignore a single-member LLC for income tax, but the BOE treats it as a separate legal entity for California property tax, subject to § 64 and outside the Prop 19 exclusion ([BOE LTA 2026/026](https://www.boe.ca.gov/proptaxes/pdf/lta26026.pdf), Question 34). Federal tax advice that an LLC “doesn’t change anything” is about income tax only.

### A federal step-up and a Prop 13 reassessment are separate events

At death, the heirs’ LLC units get a new federal basis under IRC § 1014. For an LLC taxed as a partnership, the LLC’s own basis in the building moves only if it has a § 754 election in effect, or has a substantial built-in loss ([IRC § 743(a)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/743) and [IRC § 754](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/754)). Prop 13 runs on its own track: the same death can reassess the building under § 64(c) or (d) whether or not the heirs get any income tax benefit. See [stepped-up basis in a California trust](https://ridleylawoffices.com/stepped-up-basis-california-trust/).

### Valuation discounts don’t lower the reassessment

A gift tax discount on the units doesn’t lower the reassessment either. A 20% LLC interest given to a child may be valued at a discount for federal gift tax. When § 64(c) or (d) applies, the statute reappraises the real property the LLC owns, so the discount on the units has no role in the new assessed value ([R&TC § 64(d)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=RTC&sectionNum=64)). The gift return still has to report the discounted value with an appraisal. See [gift tax in 2026](https://ridleylawoffices.com/gift-tax-2026-california/).

## Before the first deed is signed

This matters to California families who hold real estate in LLCs, partnerships or corporations, or are about to, and who plan to move interests to children by gift, sale or inheritance. Map who the original co-owners are, how much has moved, and what happens at each death before the first deed goes out. It also matters to families who already made entity transfers without filing a BOE-100-B and need to know where they stand. See [LLCs for rental property](https://ridleylawoffices.com/llc-for-rental-property-california/), [holding company LLCs](https://ridleylawoffices.com/holding-company-llc-california/), [assigning an LLC interest](https://ridleylawoffices.com/llc-membership-interest-assignment-california/), and [Prop 19 planning](https://ridleylawoffices.com/prop-19-planning/).

## Working with Ridley Law

The call is for California families with real estate in an entity, or about to put it there, who want the change-in-ownership count done before the next transfer. The first call is free and runs 30 minutes, by phone or Zoom. I work alongside your CPA and, where the matter calls for it, co-counsel. Work at this level is built for each family and quoted in writing before any drafting starts.

[Book my 30-minute call](https://ridley.click/eric-30) or call 805-244-5291.

## Frequently asked questions

### Does putting my rental property in an LLC trigger reassessment?

Not if you own the LLC in exactly the same proportions you owned the property (R&TC § 62(a)(2)). It makes you an original co-owner, and later transfers of more than 50% of the interests, in total, reassess the property (§ 64(d)).

### Can I give my children LLC interests without reassessment?

Only up to a point. If you contributed the property, your gifts count toward the 50% under § 64(d), and the parent-child exclusion doesn’t apply to entity interests (Rule 462.180, Example 8). If the LLC bought the property itself, the question is whether any one person ends up with more than 50% (§ 64(c)).

### Do my children keep my Prop 13 base if they inherit LLC interests?

Not through Prop 19. The parent-child exclusion doesn’t cover interests in a legal entity (R&TC § 63.2(e)(8)), and the BOE confirmed in August 2026 that children who inherit LLC interests get no exclusion, even for a family farm (LTA 2026/026). If the LLC bought its own property and no child ends up with more than 50%, there’s no change in ownership to exclude in the first place (§ 64(c)).

### What is Form BOE-100-B and when is it due?

It’s the Statement of Change in Control and Ownership of Legal Entities, filed with the Board of Equalization within 90 days of a change in control or a cumulative change in ownership, or within 90 days of a BOE request (R&TC §§ 480.1, 480.2). Missing it costs 10% of the taxes on the new base year value (§ 482(b)).

### Is there documentary transfer tax when LLC interests are sold?

It can be. A county may tax a written instrument transferring entity interests when the transfer is a change in ownership under § 64(c) or (d) and reflects a sale for consideration (*926 North Ardmore* (2017) 3 Cal.5th 319). Los Angeles County enforces it on unrecorded entity transfers.

### Does moving my LLC interests into my living trust count?

No. Transfers into a trust that’s revocable, or where you’re the present beneficiary, are excluded and aren’t counted toward the 50% (R&TC § 62(d); Rule 462.180(d)(2)). The count resumes when the trust becomes irrevocable at death.

### Will my lender call the loan if I deed the property to an LLC?

It can. Federal law protects transfers of homes of fewer than five units into a trust where the borrower stays a beneficiary (12 U.S.C. § 1701j-3(d)(8)), and a transfer to an LLC isn’t on that list. Get the lender’s written consent first.

Sources

- Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code §§ 60, 61, 62, 63.2, 64, 480.1, 480.2, 482, 11911, 11925, California Legislative Information (text via DingDuff), accessed October 9, 2026.
- Cal. Code Regs., tit. 18, § 462.180 (Property Tax Rule 462.180, Change in Ownership, Legal Entities) and § 462.160 (Trusts), Legal Information Institute, accessed October 9, 2026.
- California State Board of Equalization, Legal Entity Ownership Program pages: overview, Definition of Change in Ownership, Exclusions from Reassessment, Filing Requirements and Penalty Provisions, accessed October 9, 2026.
- California State Board of Equalization, Letter To Assessors No. 2026/002, “2026-27 California Consumer Price Index” (January 13, 2026), with enclosed inflation factors 1976-77 to 2026-27.
- California State Board of Equalization, Letter To Assessors No. 2026/026, “Proposition 19 Intergenerational Transfer Exclusion Frequently Asked Questions and Answers” (August 3, 2026).
- California State Board of Equalization, Publication 29, California Property Tax: An Overview (March 2025).
- *926 North Ardmore Ave., LLC v. County of Los Angeles* (2017) 3 Cal.5th 319; *Ocean Avenue LLC v. County of Los Angeles* (2014) 227 Cal.App.4th 344; *Shuwa Investments Corp. v. County of Los Angeles* (1991) 1 Cal.App.4th 1635, via CourtListener, accessed October 9, 2026.
- Los Angeles County Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk, “Legal Entity/Corporate Documentary Transfer Tax Collections,” accessed October 9, 2026.
- City of Los Angeles Office of Finance, “Measure ULA” FAQ, accessed October 9, 2026.
- 12 U.S.C. § 1701j-3; 26 U.S.C. §§ 743, 754, Legal Information Institute and DingDuff, accessed October 9, 2026.
- Worked example: Ridley Law computation from the BOE inflation factors, October 2026.

This page is general information about California law as of its update date. It isn’t legal, tax, or investment advice for your situation, and reading it doesn’t create an attorney-client relationship.